كرم شعار *مقال الرأي هذا نُشر في الأصل من قبل مؤسسة كارنيغي بدأت القوى الغربية تدرك أن خلع بشار الأسد عن عرشه أكثر تكلفة مما افترضته عندما بدأت الانتفاضة السلمية في عام 2011. فبعد مقتل نصف مليون شخص، لقيت الغالبية العظمى منهم حتفها على أيدي القوات الموالية لنظام...
Steven Heydemann, Karam Shaar *This op-ed was originally published by The Brookings Institution. In March 2011, Syrians took to the streets demanding dignity and an end to endemic corruption. Bashar Assad’s regime responded brutally, quickly turning civil unrest into...
Orwa Khalifa, William Christou This study was originally published on the Middle East Institute website. Under U.N. Security Council Resolution 2254, a critical step toward a political solution to the Syrian crisis is the drafting of a new Syrian constitution. To that...
William Christou, Karam Shaar This study was originally published on the Atlantic Council website. On September 28, the Syrian government proposed the 2021 budget, planned at 8.5 trillion Syrian pounds ($2.7 billion in inflation-adjusted USD – hereafter referred to as...
